The cornea is the transparent front surface of the eye that plays a major role in focusing vision. When its shape, clarity, or thickness is altered due to disease or injury, vision becomes compromised.

Cataract is a common eye disorder in which the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, resulting in blurry vision, increased glare, difficulty reading, and poor night vision.

Glaucoma is an eye disease that collectively describes different eye conditions which affect the optic nerve and is often caused by internal eye pressure. This pressure buildup, known as intraocular pressure (IOP), damages the delicate fibers of the optic nerve over time.

The retina is a delicate, light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain. The vitreous is the clear gel that fills the eye’s interior and helps maintain its shape.

The uvea is the middle layer of the eye, situated between the sclera (white outer coat) and the retina (light-sensitive inner layer). It comprises three key structures — the iris (colored part of the eye), ciliary body (controls lens shape and fluid production), and choroid (nourishes the retina).